Anthropology Practice Test 2026 – The Comprehensive All-in-One Guide for Exam Success

The term that describes a permanent political office typically occupied by individuals with hereditary status is "chief." In many societies, particularly in chiefdoms, the chief holds a formal position of authority that is often passed down through family lines, reinforcing the concept of hereditary leadership. This hierarchical structure establishes the chief's role as a central figure in governance and decision-making, with the expectation that this position remains within a particular lineage or family.

In contrast, the other options refer to different forms of leadership or social organization. For example, a "big man" typically involves a more informal leadership role based on personal charisma and economic prowess rather than heredity. A "village head" often signifies a local leader who may or may not have a formalized, hereditary position, generally having less authority than a chief. The term "authority figure" is a broad descriptor that could apply to various types of leaders but does not specifically indicate hereditary status or a permanent political office.