Anthropology Practice Test 2025 – The Comprehensive All-in-One Guide for Exam Success

In non-industrial societies, the mode of production that prevails is typically kin-based. This reflects the organization of social relationships and economic activities around family and kinship ties. In these societies, resources are often shared within familial networks, and economic cooperation is grounded in social obligations and relationships. This kin-based system is fundamental to the structure of non-industrial communities, supporting subsistence activities such as hunting, gathering, or small-scale agriculture, where mutual support among extended families is vital for survival.

Other modes of production, like capitalist, socialist, and feudal, are more characteristic of larger, more complex societies that engage in extensive trade and market-driven economies. Capitalism is defined by private ownership and profit-driven production, socialism involves collective or state ownership of production, and feudalism is based on land ownership and serfdom. These systems are typically not prevalent in non-industrial contexts, where kin-based support networks play a crucial role in the community's economic activities.